339 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
339 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
---LESSON_INFO---
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Pelajaran Arduino: Membuat simulasi lampu lalu lintas dengan 3 LED.
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**Learning Objectives:**
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- Mengontrol beberapa LED secara berurutan
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- Menerapkan pola sequence/timing dengan `delay()`
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- Merangkai 3 LED ke Arduino
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- Menggunakan `const int` untuk nama pin yang mudah dibaca
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**Prerequisites:**
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- Hello, World!
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- LED Blink
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- Hello Serial
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- Button Input
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---END_LESSON_INFO---
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# Traffic Light — Lampu Lalu Lintas
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Proyek ini mensimulasikan **lampu lalu lintas** menggunakan 3 LED:
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merah, kuning, dan hijau. Kita akan mengontrol urutan nyala-mati
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LED persis seperti lampu lalu lintas sungguhan.
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## Urutan Lampu Lalu Lintas
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```
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1. MERAH menyala (3 detik) → Berhenti
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2. KUNING menyala (1 detik) → Bersiap
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3. HIJAU menyala (3 detik) → Jalan
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4. KUNING menyala (1 detik) → Bersiap berhenti
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5. Kembali ke MERAH...
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```
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## Menggunakan Konstanta untuk Pin
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Daripada mengingat nomor pin, gunakan **konstanta bernama**:
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```
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const int RED_PIN = 13;
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const int YELLOW_PIN = 12;
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const int GREEN_PIN = 11;
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```
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Keuntungan:
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- Kode lebih mudah dibaca: `digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH)` vs `digitalWrite(13, HIGH)`
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- Jika ingin ganti pin, cukup ubah di satu tempat
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## Mengontrol Beberapa LED
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Setiap LED memerlukan pin output sendiri:
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```
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void setup() {
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pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(YELLOW_PIN, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);
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}
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```
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Pastikan hanya **satu LED menyala** pada satu waktu:
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```
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// Nyalakan merah, matikan yang lain
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digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
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```
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## Serial Monitor untuk Debugging
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Cetak status lampu ke Serial Monitor agar mudah di-debug:
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```
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Serial.println("RED");
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delay(3000); // Merah menyala 3 detik
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```
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---EXERCISE---
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### Tantangan
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**Kode Arduino:**
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Buat program yang mensimulasikan lampu lalu lintas:
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1. **Merah** di pin 13 menyala selama 3 detik, cetak `RED` ke Serial
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2. **Kuning** di pin 12 menyala selama 1 detik, cetak `YELLOW` ke Serial
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3. **Hijau** di pin 11 menyala selama 3 detik, cetak `GREEN` ke Serial
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4. **Kuning** lagi selama 1 detik, cetak `YELLOW` ke Serial
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5. Ulangi dari merah
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Pastikan hanya satu LED yang menyala pada satu waktu!
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**Rangkaian:**
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Hubungkan 3 LED ke Arduino:
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- Pin 13 → LED Merah (Anode A), Cathode C → GND
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- Pin 12 → LED Kuning (Anode A), Cathode C → GND
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- Pin 11 → LED Hijau (Anode A), Cathode C → GND
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Setelah selesai, tekan **Compile & Run** dan perhatikan LED menyala bergantian.
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---
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---INITIAL_CODE_ARDUINO---
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// Traffic Light - Lampu Lalu Lintas
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// Simulasi lampu merah, kuning, hijau
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const int RED_PIN = 13;
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const int YELLOW_PIN = 12;
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const int GREEN_PIN = 11;
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void setup() {
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pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(YELLOW_PIN, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);
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Serial.begin(9600);
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}
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void loop() {
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// Lampu MERAH
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digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
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Serial.println("RED");
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delay(3000);
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// Lampu KUNING
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digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
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Serial.println("YELLOW");
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delay(1000);
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// Lampu HIJAU
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digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);
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Serial.println("GREEN");
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delay(3000);
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// Lampu KUNING lagi
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digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
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Serial.println("YELLOW");
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delay(1000);
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}
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---END_INITIAL_CODE_ARDUINO---
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---VELXIO_CIRCUIT---
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{
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"board": "arduino:avr:uno",
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"components": [
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{
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"type": "led",
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"id": "led-red",
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"x": 409.6091884525257,
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"y": 65.40692157090741,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"color": "red",
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"pin": 13,
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"state": true,
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"value": true
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}
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},
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{
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"type": "led",
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"id": "led-yellow",
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"x": 466.09101803924966,
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"y": 66.43228050989252,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"color": "yellow",
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"pin": 12,
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"state": false,
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"value": false
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}
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},
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{
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"type": "led",
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"id": "led-green",
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"x": 522.0366933470766,
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"y": 63.613964067867315,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"color": "green",
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"pin": 11,
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"state": false,
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"value": false
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}
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},
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{
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"type": "resistor",
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"id": "resistor-1776300566703-7pi4wei9j",
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"x": 275.08055011716567,
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"y": 133.79325981817132,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"value": true,
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"state": true
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}
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},
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{
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"type": "resistor",
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"id": "resistor-1776300590088-k4l87u1rf",
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"x": 273.3198126609919,
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"y": 178.95644554504224,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"value": false,
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"state": false
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}
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},
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{
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"type": "resistor",
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"id": "resistor-1776300593575-rklkixiwy",
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"x": 270.5981563595655,
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"y": 220.2759558909028,
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"rotation": 0,
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"props": {
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"value": false,
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"state": false
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}
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}
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],
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"wires": [
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]
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}
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---END_VELXIO_CIRCUIT---
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---EXPECTED_SERIAL_OUTPUT---
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RED
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YELLOW
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GREEN
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YELLOW
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---END_EXPECTED_SERIAL_OUTPUT---
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---EXPECTED_WIRING---
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{
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"wires": [
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300566703-7pi4wei9j",
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"pinName": "2"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-red",
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"pinName": "A"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300590088-k4l87u1rf",
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"pinName": "2"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-yellow",
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"pinName": "A"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300593575-rklkixiwy",
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"pinName": "2"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-green",
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"pinName": "A"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "GND.3"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-red",
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"pinName": "C"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "GND.3"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-yellow",
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"pinName": "C"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "GND.3"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "led-green",
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"pinName": "C"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300566703-7pi4wei9j",
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"pinName": "1"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "13"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300590088-k4l87u1rf",
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"pinName": "1"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "12"
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}
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},
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{
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"start": {
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"componentId": "resistor-1776300593575-rklkixiwy",
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"pinName": "1"
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},
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"end": {
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"componentId": "arduino-uno",
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"pinName": "11"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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---END_EXPECTED_WIRING---
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---KEY_TEXT---
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pinMode
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digitalWrite
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const int
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Serial
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delay
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---END_KEY_TEXT---
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