velxio/frontend

Arduino Emulator - Frontend

React + TypeScript + Vite frontend for the Arduino emulator with visual simulator and code editor.

Features

• Monaco Code Editor - Full VSCode-like Arduino code editing experience
• Dynamic Component System - 48+ wokwi-elements components with search and categories
• Visual Simulator Canvas - Interactive drag-and-drop circuit builder
• Component Property Dialog - Single-click component interaction (rotate, delete, view pins)
• Segment-Based Wire Editing - Drag wire segments perpendicular to orientation (like Wokwi)
• Real AVR8 Emulation - Actual ATmega328p emulation using avr8js
• Pin Management - Automatic pin mapping and state synchronization
• Grid Snapping - 20px grid alignment for clean circuit layouts

Tech Stack

• React 18 - UI framework
• TypeScript - Static typing
• Vite 5 - Build tool and dev server
• Monaco Editor - Code editor (VSCode engine)
• Zustand - State management
• Axios - HTTP client for backend API
• avr8js - AVR8 CPU emulator (local clone)
• @wokwi/elements - Electronic web components (local clone)

Development

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18+
• Backend running at http://localhost:8001
• Wokwi libraries built in ../wokwi-libs/

Install Dependencies

npm install

Run Development Server

npm run dev

The app will be available at http://localhost:5173

Build for Production

npm run build

Output will be in the dist/ directory.

Lint

npm run lint

Project Structure

frontend/
├── src/
│   ├── components/
│   │   ├── components-wokwi/     # React wrappers for wokwi-elements
│   │   ├── editor/               # Monaco Editor components
│   │   │   ├── CodeEditor.tsx
│   │   │   └── EditorToolbar.tsx
│   │   └── simulator/            # Simulation canvas components
│   │       ├── SimulatorCanvas.tsx
│   │       ├── WireLayer.tsx
│   │       ├── WireRenderer.tsx
│   │       ├── PinOverlay.tsx
│   │       ├── ComponentPropertyDialog.tsx
│   │       ├── ComponentPickerModal.tsx
│   │       └── ComponentPalette.tsx
│   ├── simulation/
│   │   ├── AVRSimulator.ts       # AVR8 CPU wrapper
│   │   └── PinManager.ts         # Pin mapping and callbacks
│   ├── store/
│   │   ├── useEditorStore.ts     # Code editor state
│   │   └── useSimulatorStore.ts  # Simulation state
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── api.ts                # Backend API client
│   │   └── ComponentRegistry.ts  # Component metadata
│   ├── types/                    # TypeScript definitions
│   ├── utils/
│   │   ├── hexParser.ts          # Intel HEX parser
│   │   ├── wirePathGenerator.ts  # Wire SVG path generation
│   │   └── wireSegments.ts       # Segment-based wire editing
│   ├── App.tsx                   # Main app component
│   └── main.tsx                  # Entry point
├── public/                       # Static assets
├── vite.config.ts               # Vite configuration
└── package.json

Key Architecture Patterns

State Management (Zustand)

Two main stores:

• useEditorStore - Code content, theme, compilation state
• useSimulatorStore - Simulation running state, components, wires, compiled hex

Local Wokwi Libraries

Vite aliases point to local clones instead of npm packages:

resolve: {
  alias: {
    'avr8js': path.resolve(__dirname, '../wokwi-libs/avr8js/dist/esm'),
    '@wokwi/elements': path.resolve(__dirname, '../wokwi-libs/wokwi-elements/dist/esm'),
  },
}

AVR Simulation Loop

• Runs at ~60 FPS using requestAnimationFrame
• Executes ~267,000 CPU cycles per frame (16MHz / 60fps)
• Port listeners fire when GPIO registers change
• PinManager routes pin states to component callbacks

Component System

Components are Web Components from wokwi-elements:

1. React wrappers in components-wokwi/
2. Dynamic loading via ComponentRegistry
3. Pin info extracted from component metadata
4. State updates via refs and callbacks

Wire Editing System

Segment-based editing (like Wokwi):

• Wires consist of orthogonal segments (horizontal/vertical)
• Drag segments perpendicular to orientation:
  • Horizontal segments: move up/down (ns-resize)
  • Vertical segments: move left/right (ew-resize)
• Local preview state during drag (requestAnimationFrame)
• Store update only on mouse up with grid snapping (20px)

Performance Optimizations

• requestAnimationFrame for smooth wire dragging
• Local state for real-time previews
• Memoized path generation and segment computation
• Store updates batched at interaction completion

API Integration

Backend endpoints (http://localhost:8001):

• POST /api/compile - Compile Arduino code to .hex
• GET /api/compile/status/{task_id} - Check compilation status
• GET /api/compile/download/{filename} - Download compiled .hex

See backend documentation for API details.

Component Development

Adding a New Component Type

1. Check if wokwi-elements has the component:

   ls ../wokwi-libs/wokwi-elements/src/
   

2. Create React wrapper in src/components/components-wokwi/:

   import React, { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
   
   export const WokwiMyComponent: React.FC<Props> = ({ ... }) => {
     const elementRef = useRef<any>(null);
   
     useEffect(() => {
       if (elementRef.current) {
         elementRef.current.setAttribute('prop', value);
       }
     }, [value]);
   
     return <wokwi-my-component ref={elementRef} />;
   };
   

3. Add to ComponentRegistry metadata

4. Use in SimulatorCanvas or make available in ComponentPalette

Troubleshooting

Monaco Editor Not Loading

• Check if monaco-editor is installed
• Verify Vite worker configuration in vite.config.ts

Components Not Rendering

• Ensure wokwi-elements is built: cd ../wokwi-libs/wokwi-elements && npm run build
• Check browser console for Web Component registration errors
• Verify Vite alias paths in vite.config.ts

Wire Editing Performance Issues

• Ensure requestAnimationFrame is being used
• Check that store updates only happen on mouse up, not during drag
• Verify no unnecessary re-renders with React DevTools

Pin Alignment Issues

• Pin coordinates from wokwi-elements are in CSS pixels
• Do NOT multiply by MM_TO_PX conversion factor
• Verify component position + pin offset calculation

Compilation Fails

• Check backend is running at http://localhost:8001
• Verify arduino-cli is installed and arduino:avr core is available
• Check CORS configuration in backend

References

• Main Project README
• Development Guide (CLAUDE.md)
• Architecture Documentation
• Wokwi Integration
• Monaco Editor API
• Vite Documentation
• Zustand Guide