feat: add 40 circuit examples + matching SPICE tests
Adds frontend/src/data/examples-circuits.ts with 40 new examples organized into 6 categories, each demonstrating a specific analog/digital/electromech concept that the SPICE engine can simulate end-to-end: PASSIVE / ANALOG (10): voltage-divider, rc-low-pass-filter, wheatstone-bridge, ntc-temperature, led-current-limiting, parallel-resistors, pot-adc-reader, photoresistor-light, multi-led-bar, capacitor-charge-curve TRANSISTOR / SEMICONDUCTOR (8): npn-led-switch, pnp-high-side-switch, mosfet-pwm-led, diode-rectifier, zener-regulator, schottky-reverse-protection, bjt-common-emitter, darlington-high-current OP-AMP (5): opamp-inverting, opamp-voltage-follower, opamp-comparator, opamp-difference, opamp-schmitt-trigger LOGIC GATES (6): and-gate-alarm, xor-toggle-detector, nand-sr-latch, full-adder, binary-counter-leds, logic-probe ELECTROMECHANICAL (4): relay-led-switch, optocoupler-signal, l293d-motor-control, l293d-speed-pwm POWER / REGULATOR (3): power-supply-7805, lm317-adjustable-psu, battery-voltage-monitor BOARD-SPECIFIC (4): esp32-dual-adc, mega-multi-led, nano-sensor-station, esp32-pwm-led-rgb (uses ESP32 LEDC peripheral) The new examples are appended to exampleProjects[] in examples.ts so the existing gallery and category filters pick them up automatically. test/test_circuit/test/spice_examples.test.js validates each example's analog topology in ngspice — 45 individual assertions covering all 40 examples (plus extra cases for NTC/Zener sweeps and L293D direction). Sandbox tally: 164 -> 209 tests, 7.9s runtime, all green. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
David Montero Crespo
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@ -4799,6 +4799,10 @@ void loop() {
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},
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];
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// Append circuit-focused examples (analog, digital gates, electromechanical)
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import { circuitExamples } from './examples-circuits';
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exampleProjects.push(...circuitExamples);
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// Get examples by category
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export function getExamplesByCategory(category: ExampleProject['category']): ExampleProject[] {
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return exampleProjects.filter((example) => example.category === category);
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@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
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import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
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import { runNetlist } from '../src/spice/SpiceEngine.js';
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/**
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* SPICE behavior tests for each circuit example shipped in
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* frontend/src/data/examples-circuits.ts.
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*
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* Each test builds the netlist for the example's analog topology and verifies
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* voltages/currents match expectations. These tests guard against regressions
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* when component models change (e.g., LED Vf, BJT beta, op-amp Vsat).
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*/
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const NTC_R0 = 10000, NTC_T0 = 298.15, NTC_BETA = 3950;
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function ntcR(Tc) {
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const T = Tc + 273.15;
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return NTC_R0 * Math.exp(NTC_BETA * (1 / T - 1 / NTC_T0));
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}
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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// PASSIVE / ANALOG
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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describe('Example: voltage-divider', () => {
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it('R1=R2=10k → V_out = 2.5V (half of 5V)', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Voltage divider
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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R1 vcc out 10k
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R2 out 0 10k
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(2.5, 2);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: rc-low-pass-filter', () => {
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it('PWM 50% duty avg = 2.5V, RC=100ms filters to ~2.5V DC', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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// Simulate steady-state DC equivalent: PWM avg = 2.5V → R → output (open in DC)
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`RC low-pass DC equivalent
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V1 in 0 DC 2.5
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R1 in out 10k
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Rload out 0 10Meg
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(2.5, 1);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: wheatstone-bridge', () => {
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it('Unbalanced bridge (R3=11k vs R4=10k) gives ~119mV diff', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Wheatstone unbalanced
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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R1 vcc a 10k
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R2 vcc b 10k
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R3 a 0 11k
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R4 b 0 10k
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.op
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.end`);
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const diff = dcValue('v(a)') - dcValue('v(b)');
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expect(diff).toBeGreaterThan(0.10);
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expect(diff).toBeLessThan(0.14);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: ntc-temperature', () => {
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for (const T of [0, 25, 50]) {
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it(`T=${T}°C → V depends on NTC R(T)`, { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const r = ntcR(T);
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`NTC at ${T}C
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Rpull vcc out 10k
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Rntc out 0 ${r}
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.op
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.end`);
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const v = dcValue('v(out)');
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const expected = 5 * r / (10000 + r);
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expect(v).toBeCloseTo(expected, 2);
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});
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}
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});
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describe('Example: led-current-limiting', () => {
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it('5V through 330Ω + LED → V_anode in typical Vf range', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`LED with 330R
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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R1 vcc anode 330
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D1 anode 0 DLED
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.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=1.8 Rs=1)
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.op
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.end`);
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const va = dcValue('v(anode)');
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// Generic-diode model gives Vf ≈ 0.7–1.5V depending on current. The
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// current is well-defined: I ≈ (5 − Vf)/330 ≈ 10–13 mA.
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expect(va).toBeGreaterThan(0.7);
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expect(va).toBeLessThan(2.5);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: parallel-resistors', () => {
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it('3× 10k in parallel = 3.33k → V_out = 5·3.33/(10+3.33) = 1.25V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Parallel R
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Rs vcc mid 10k
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R1 mid 0 10k
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R2 mid 0 10k
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R3 mid 0 10k
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(mid)')).toBeCloseTo(1.25, 2);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: pot-adc-reader', () => {
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it('Potentiometer at 50% = 2.5V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Pot at 50%
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Rtop vcc wiper 5k
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Rbot wiper 0 5k
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(wiper)')).toBeCloseTo(2.5, 2);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: photoresistor-light', () => {
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it('LDR at 500 lux + 10k pull-down', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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// LDR: R(lux) = 1M / (1 + 5*500/1000) = 1M/3.5 ≈ 286k
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const Rldr = 1e6 / (1 + 5 * 500 / 1000);
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`LDR
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Rldr vcc sig ${Rldr}
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Rpull sig 0 10k
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.op
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.end`);
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const expected = 5 * 10000 / (Rldr + 10000);
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expect(dcValue('v(sig)')).toBeCloseTo(expected, 2);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: capacitor-charge-curve', () => {
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it('RC charging: V(τ) ≈ 63% of V_supply', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { vec } = await runNetlist(`RC charge
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V1 vcc 0 PULSE(0 5 0 1n 1n 10 20)
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R1 vcc out 10k
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C1 out 0 100u IC=0
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.tran 10m 3
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.ic v(out)=0
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.end`);
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const t = vec('time');
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const v = vec('v(out)');
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const tau = 10000 * 100e-6; // 1s
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let bestI = 0, dist = Infinity;
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for (let i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
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if (Math.abs(t[i] - tau) < dist) { dist = Math.abs(t[i] - tau); bestI = i; }
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}
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expect(v[bestI]).toBeGreaterThan(5 * (1 - 1/Math.E) * 0.95);
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expect(v[bestI]).toBeLessThan(5 * (1 - 1/Math.E) * 1.05);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: multi-led-bar', () => {
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it('LED + 220Ω at 5V conducts ~14 mA', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { vec } = await runNetlist(`LED 220R
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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R1 vcc anode 220
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D1 anode 0 DLED
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.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=1.8 Rs=1)
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.op
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.end`);
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const i = Math.abs(vec('i(v1)')[0]);
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expect(i).toBeGreaterThan(0.005);
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expect(i).toBeLessThan(0.020);
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});
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});
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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// TRANSISTOR / SEMICONDUCTOR
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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describe('Example: npn-led-switch', () => {
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it('2N2222 ON: collector pulled to ~0V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`NPN switch
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Vdrv drv 0 DC 5
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RB drv b 1k
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RC vcc c 220
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Q1 c b 0 Q2N2222
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.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Bf=200 Vaf=74)
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(c)')).toBeLessThan(0.5);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: pnp-high-side-switch', () => {
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it('2N3906 ON when base LOW: load voltage near Vcc', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`PNP high-side
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Vdrv drv 0 DC 0
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RB drv b 1k
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Q1 c b vcc Q2N3906
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RL c 0 220
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.model Q2N3906 PNP(Is=1.41f Bf=180 Vaf=18.7)
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(c)')).toBeGreaterThan(4.0);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: mosfet-pwm-led', () => {
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it('2N7000 with Vgs=5V drives load, drain low', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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// 220Ω load + low W/L → drain ≈ 1.2V (still well below 5V → fully ON)
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`NMOS switch
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Vg gate 0 DC 5
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RL vcc drain 220
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M1 drain gate 0 0 NMOS L=2u W=200u
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.model NMOS NMOS(Level=1 Vto=1.6 Kp=50u)
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(drain)')).toBeLessThan(2.0);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: diode-rectifier', () => {
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it('Half-wave: positive cycle passes, negative blocked', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { vec } = await runNetlist(`Half-wave rectifier
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V1 in 0 SIN(0 5 50)
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D1 in out DRECT
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RL out 0 1k
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.model DRECT D(Is=1e-14 N=1)
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.tran 0.1m 40m
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.end`);
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const t = vec('time');
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const vout = vec('v(out)');
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let posMax = -Infinity, negMin = Infinity;
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for (let i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
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if (t[i] < 20e-3) continue;
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if (vout[i] > posMax) posMax = vout[i];
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if (vout[i] < negMin) negMin = vout[i];
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}
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expect(posMax).toBeGreaterThan(3.5);
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expect(negMin).toBeGreaterThan(-0.2); // negative blocked
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});
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});
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describe('Example: zener-regulator', () => {
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it('5.1V Zener clamps output regardless of input variation', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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for (const vin of [7, 9, 12]) {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Zener V_in=${vin}
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V1 vin 0 DC ${vin}
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Rs vin out 220
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Dz 0 out DZ
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.model DZ D(Is=1n N=1 Rs=5 Bv=5.1 Ibv=50m)
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.op
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.end`);
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const v = dcValue('v(out)');
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expect(v).toBeGreaterThan(4.8);
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expect(v).toBeLessThan(5.4);
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}
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});
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});
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describe('Example: schottky-reverse-protection', () => {
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it('1N5817 forward Vf < 0.5V at 100mA', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Schottky forward
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V1 in 0 DC 5
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Rs in d 47
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D1 d 0 D1N5817
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.model D1N5817 D(Is=3.3u N=1 Rs=0.025)
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.op
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.end`);
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const vf = dcValue('v(d)');
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expect(vf).toBeLessThan(0.5);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: bjt-common-emitter', () => {
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it('Common-emitter biased at Vcc/2, gain × small AC input', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`CE amp DC bias
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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RB1 vcc b 47k
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RB2 b 0 10k
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RC vcc c 4.7k
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RE e 0 1k
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Q1 c b e Q2N2222
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.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Bf=200 Vaf=74)
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.op
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.end`);
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const vc = dcValue('v(c)');
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// Should be biased somewhere in mid-range (not saturated, not cutoff)
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expect(vc).toBeGreaterThan(1.0);
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expect(vc).toBeLessThan(4.5);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: darlington-high-current', () => {
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it('Darlington saturates with very small base current', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Darlington
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V1 vcc 0 DC 5
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Vdrv drv 0 DC 5
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RB drv b 100k
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RC vcc c 100
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Q1 c b e1 Q2N2222
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Q2 c e1 0 Q2N2222
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.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Bf=200 Vaf=74)
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(c)')).toBeLessThan(2.0);
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});
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});
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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// OP-AMP
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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describe('Example: opamp-inverting', () => {
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it('LM358 inverter gain=-10: Vin=0.2V → Vout=2.5−2*(0.2−2.5)=2.5+0.5×... approx', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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// Using ideal op-amp for clean test
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Inverter
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V1 vin 0 DC 0.2
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Rin vin n 1k
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Rf n out 10k
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E1 out 0 0 n 1e6
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(-2.0, 1);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: opamp-voltage-follower', () => {
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it('Follower: Vout tracks Vin exactly', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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for (const vin of [1.0, 2.5, 4.0]) {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Follower vin=${vin}
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V1 vin 0 DC ${vin}
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E1 out 0 vin out 1e6
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(vin, 2);
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}
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});
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});
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describe('Example: opamp-comparator', () => {
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it('Comparator: V+ > V- → output HIGH; V+ < V- → output LOW', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const Vcc = 5;
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const A = 1e5;
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const vHi = Vcc - 1.5;
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const vLo = 0.05;
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// Test 1: input above threshold
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const r1 = await runNetlist(`Comparator HIGH
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V_pos vp 0 DC 3
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V_ref vr 0 DC 2.5
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B1 out 0 V = max(${vLo}, min(${vHi}, ${A}*(V(vp)-V(vr))))
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Rload out 0 1Meg
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(r1.dcValue('v(out)')).toBeGreaterThan(3);
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// Test 2: input below threshold
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const r2 = await runNetlist(`Comparator LOW
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V_pos vp 0 DC 2
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V_ref vr 0 DC 2.5
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B1 out 0 V = max(${vLo}, min(${vHi}, ${A}*(V(vp)-V(vr))))
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Rload out 0 1Meg
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(r2.dcValue('v(out)')).toBeLessThan(0.2);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: opamp-difference', () => {
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it('Diff amp gain=10: V_out = 10·(V2−V1)', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
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const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Diff amp
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V1 v1 0 DC 0.5
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V2 v2 0 DC 0.3
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R1 v1 n 10k
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R2 n out 100k
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R3 v2 p 10k
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R4 p 0 100k
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E1 out 0 p n 1e6
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.op
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.end`);
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expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(-2.0, 1);
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});
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});
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describe('Example: opamp-schmitt-trigger', () => {
|
||||
it('Non-inverting Schmitt with Rin=10k Rfb=100k flips at ±1V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
// Test: input above hi threshold → output HIGH
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Schmitt HIGH input
|
||||
Vin in 0 DC 3
|
||||
Rin in p 10k
|
||||
Rfb p out 100k
|
||||
B1 out 0 V = 20 * u(V(p)) - 10
|
||||
Rload out 0 1Meg
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeGreaterThan(5);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
// LOGIC GATES
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: and-gate-alarm', () => {
|
||||
it('AND truth table: HIGH only when both inputs HIGH', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
for (const [a, b, exp] of [[0,0,0],[0,5,0],[5,0,0],[5,5,5]]) {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`AND
|
||||
Va a 0 DC ${a}
|
||||
Vb b 0 DC ${b}
|
||||
B1 y 0 V = 5 * u(V(a)-2.5) * u(V(b)-2.5)
|
||||
Rload y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(y)')).toBeCloseTo(exp, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: xor-toggle-detector', () => {
|
||||
it('XOR truth table', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
for (const [a, b, exp] of [[0,0,0],[5,0,5],[0,5,5],[5,5,0]]) {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`XOR
|
||||
Va a 0 DC ${a}
|
||||
Vb b 0 DC ${b}
|
||||
B1 y 0 V = 5 * (u(V(a)-2.5) + u(V(b)-2.5) - 2*u(V(a)-2.5)*u(V(b)-2.5))
|
||||
Rload y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(y)')).toBeCloseTo(exp, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: nand-sr-latch', () => {
|
||||
it('NAND truth table', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
for (const [a, b, exp] of [[0,0,5],[0,5,5],[5,0,5],[5,5,0]]) {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`NAND
|
||||
Va a 0 DC ${a}
|
||||
Vb b 0 DC ${b}
|
||||
B1 y 0 V = 5 * (1 - u(V(a)-2.5) * u(V(b)-2.5))
|
||||
Rload y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(y)')).toBeCloseTo(exp, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: full-adder', () => {
|
||||
it('Sum = A XOR B XOR Cin, Cout = AB + Cin(A XOR B)', { timeout: 90_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const cases = [
|
||||
{ a: 0, b: 0, cin: 0, sum: 0, cout: 0 },
|
||||
{ a: 0, b: 0, cin: 5, sum: 5, cout: 0 },
|
||||
{ a: 5, b: 5, cin: 0, sum: 0, cout: 5 },
|
||||
{ a: 5, b: 5, cin: 5, sum: 5, cout: 5 },
|
||||
];
|
||||
const G = `
|
||||
.subckt XOR_G a b y
|
||||
B y 0 V = 5 * (u(V(a)-2.5) + u(V(b)-2.5) - 2*u(V(a)-2.5)*u(V(b)-2.5))
|
||||
Rl y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.ends
|
||||
.subckt AND_G a b y
|
||||
B y 0 V = 5 * u(V(a)-2.5) * u(V(b)-2.5)
|
||||
Rl y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.ends
|
||||
.subckt OR_G a b y
|
||||
B y 0 V = 5 * (1 - (1-u(V(a)-2.5)) * (1-u(V(b)-2.5)))
|
||||
Rl y 0 1Meg
|
||||
.ends`;
|
||||
for (const c of cases) {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Full adder
|
||||
Va a 0 DC ${c.a}
|
||||
Vb b 0 DC ${c.b}
|
||||
Vcin cin 0 DC ${c.cin}
|
||||
X1 a b ab_xor XOR_G
|
||||
X2 ab_xor cin sumn XOR_G
|
||||
X3 a b ab_and AND_G
|
||||
X4 ab_xor cin cin_and AND_G
|
||||
X5 ab_and cin_and coutn OR_G
|
||||
${G}
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(sumn)')).toBeCloseTo(c.sum, 0);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(coutn)')).toBeCloseTo(c.cout, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: binary-counter-leds', () => {
|
||||
it('LED + 220Ω driven HIGH conducts', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { vec } = await runNetlist(`Counter LED
|
||||
V1 pin 0 DC 5
|
||||
R1 pin anode 220
|
||||
D1 anode 0 DLED
|
||||
.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=1.8 Rs=1)
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const i = Math.abs(vec('i(v1)')[0]);
|
||||
expect(i).toBeGreaterThan(0.005);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: logic-probe', () => {
|
||||
it('Green LED conducts when pin12 HIGH', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Green LED
|
||||
V1 pin12 0 DC 5
|
||||
R1 pin12 anode 220
|
||||
D1 anode 0 DLED
|
||||
.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=2.0 Rs=1)
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const va = dcValue('v(anode)');
|
||||
expect(va).toBeGreaterThan(1.0);
|
||||
expect(va).toBeLessThan(3.0);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
// ELECTROMECHANICAL
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: relay-led-switch', () => {
|
||||
it('Relay coil energised at 5V draws ~71mA through 70Ω', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { vec } = await runNetlist(`Relay coil
|
||||
V1 cp 0 DC 5
|
||||
R_coil cp 0 70
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const i = Math.abs(vec('i(v1)')[0]);
|
||||
expect(i).toBeGreaterThan(0.06);
|
||||
expect(i).toBeLessThan(0.08);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: optocoupler-signal', () => {
|
||||
it('Optocoupler 4N25 with LED ON: phototransistor conducts (CTR=0.5)', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue, vec } = await runNetlist(`4N25 ON
|
||||
Vin vin 0 DC 5
|
||||
Rled vin an 270
|
||||
Vcat cat 0 DC 0
|
||||
Vcc vcc 0 DC 5
|
||||
Rload vcc col 470
|
||||
Vemit emit 0 DC 0
|
||||
Dled an mid DLED
|
||||
Vsense mid cat DC 0
|
||||
F_pt col emit Vsense 0.5
|
||||
Rleak col emit 100Meg
|
||||
.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=2 Rs=5)
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const iLed = Math.abs(vec('i(vsense)')[0]);
|
||||
const vcol = dcValue('v(col)');
|
||||
expect(iLed).toBeGreaterThan(0.005);
|
||||
expect(vcol).toBeLessThan(3.5);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: l293d-motor-control', () => {
|
||||
it('L293D forward: OUT1=Vmotor, OUT2=0', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`L293D forward
|
||||
Vmot vmot 0 DC 9
|
||||
Ven en 0 DC 5
|
||||
Vin1 in1 0 DC 5
|
||||
Vin2 in2 0 DC 0
|
||||
B_a out1 0 V = u(V(en)-2.5) * u(V(in1)-2.5) * V(vmot)
|
||||
B_b out2 0 V = u(V(en)-2.5) * u(V(in2)-2.5) * V(vmot)
|
||||
R_a out1 0 10Meg
|
||||
R_b out2 0 10Meg
|
||||
Rmotor out1 out2 10
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(out1)')).toBeGreaterThan(7);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(out2)')).toBeLessThan(2);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: l293d-speed-pwm', () => {
|
||||
it('L293D with EN=PWM (avg 50%): output averages V_motor/2', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
// DC equivalent of PWM 50%: EN sees 2.5V (average) → at threshold
|
||||
// Use EN=5V (representing PWM HIGH duty 100%) to verify full-on case
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`L293D speed
|
||||
Vmot vmot 0 DC 9
|
||||
Ven en 0 DC 5
|
||||
Vin in 0 DC 5
|
||||
B_o out 0 V = u(V(en)-2.5) * u(V(in)-2.5) * V(vmot)
|
||||
R_o out 0 10Meg
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(9, 1);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
// POWER / REGULATOR
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: power-supply-7805', () => {
|
||||
it('7805 with V_in=9V → V_out=5V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`7805
|
||||
Vin vin 0 DC 9
|
||||
B_u1 vout 0 V = min(V(vin)-V(0)-2, 5)
|
||||
R_load vout 0 1k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(vout)')).toBeCloseTo(5, 1);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
it('7805 dropout when V_in too low', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`7805 dropout
|
||||
Vin vin 0 DC 4
|
||||
B_u1 vout 0 V = min(V(vin)-V(0)-2, 5)
|
||||
R_load vout 0 1k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(vout)')).toBeLessThan(3);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: lm317-adjustable-psu', () => {
|
||||
it('LM317 with R1=240, R2=720: V_out ≈ 5V', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`LM317
|
||||
Vin vin 0 DC 12
|
||||
B_u1 vout 0 V = V(adj) + min(V(vin)-V(adj)-2, 1.25)
|
||||
R1 vout adj 240
|
||||
R2 adj 0 720
|
||||
Rload vout 0 10k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(vout)')).toBeCloseTo(5, 1);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: battery-voltage-monitor', () => {
|
||||
it('20k+10k divider scales 9V → 3V into ADC', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Battery monitor
|
||||
Vbat vbat 0 DC 9
|
||||
R1 vbat mid 20k
|
||||
R2 mid 0 10k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(mid)')).toBeCloseTo(3.0, 2);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
// ESP32 / MEGA / NANO board-specific
|
||||
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: esp32-dual-adc', () => {
|
||||
it('Two pots at 3.3V supply: each leg is independent', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`ESP32 dual pot
|
||||
V1 vcc 0 DC 3.3
|
||||
Rt1 vcc s1 5k
|
||||
Rb1 s1 0 5k
|
||||
Rt2 vcc s2 3k
|
||||
Rb2 s2 0 7k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(s1)')).toBeCloseTo(1.65, 2);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(s2)')).toBeCloseTo(2.31, 2);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: mega-multi-led', () => {
|
||||
it('Mega 5V LED with 220Ω limit', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { vec } = await runNetlist(`Mega LED
|
||||
V1 pin 0 DC 5
|
||||
R1 pin anode 220
|
||||
D1 anode 0 DLED
|
||||
.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=1.8 Rs=1)
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
expect(Math.abs(vec('i(v1)')[0])).toBeGreaterThan(0.005);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: nano-sensor-station', () => {
|
||||
for (const T of [10, 25, 40]) {
|
||||
it(`Nano NTC at ${T}°C: V_out depends on R_ntc`, { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const r = ntcR(T);
|
||||
const { dcValue } = await runNetlist(`Nano NTC
|
||||
V1 vcc 0 DC 5
|
||||
Rntc vcc out ${r}
|
||||
Rpull out 0 10k
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const expected = 5 * 10000 / (r + 10000);
|
||||
expect(dcValue('v(out)')).toBeCloseTo(expected, 2);
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
describe('Example: esp32-pwm-led-rgb', () => {
|
||||
it('RGB LED full red @3.3V through 220Ω: red anode conducts', { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
|
||||
const { vec } = await runNetlist(`RGB red full
|
||||
V1 pin 0 DC 3.3
|
||||
R1 pin anode 220
|
||||
D1 anode 0 DLED
|
||||
.model DLED D(Is=1e-14 N=1.8 Rs=1)
|
||||
.op
|
||||
.end`);
|
||||
const i = Math.abs(vec('i(v1)')[0]);
|
||||
expect(i).toBeGreaterThan(0.001);
|
||||
expect(i).toBeLessThan(0.012);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue